Reading Film: Anatomy of a Static Shot and Chekhov's Gun

Occasionally, people will ask me how I know what is going to happen later in a film or how I can pull themes and character traits out of seemingly unrelated camera setups. Why does it matter what color a character is wearing, how the camera is (or isn't) moving, or how long a shot lasts? How do I know what details are important or how to articulate what…